Improvement in cultivators



I. B. PALAMOUNTAIN.

ShovelfPlow. 10.23.942 Patente@ May 10, 1859.A

7 UNITED STATES PATENTv Price.-

ISAAG B. PALAMOUNTAIN, OF TARBOROUGH, NORTH CAROLINA.

IMPROVEMENT IN' CULTIVATORS".

Specitication forming` part of Letters Patent No. 23,942, dated May 10,1859.

To all whom it may concern.'

' Beitknown that I, IsAAo B.PALAM0UNTA1N, of Tarborough, in the countyof Edgecombe and State ot' North Carolina, have invented certain new andusef'ul Improvements in Cultivators, specially adapted to cultivatecotton; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description thereof', reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings of the same, which make part ot' this specification, and inwhich- Figure l represents a view in perspective of a cultivatorembracing my improvement. Fig. 2 represents a plan of the share andremovable wings. Fig. 3 represents an elevation of the cultivator havinga portion ot the draftbeam and handles removed. Fig. 4 represents asimilar view to that shown in Fig. 2, but showing a form of wing forturningthe soil and weeds over to expose the roots 'of the latter.

Fig. 5k represents an elevation like that shown in Fig. 3, but showingthe form of wing seen in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 represents views inditferentpositions of one of the wings shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Fig.7 represents a view in perspective of one of the wings shown in Figs. 4and 5; and Fig. 8 represents a view in perspective of the share-seat andcenter bar with the share and wings detached therefrom.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents the draft-beam; B, the rearstandard, to which the handles C and rear end of the beam are secured;D,'the share;F., the center bar; F,

the standard, and G G the wings.

The center bar, E, extends longitudinally directly beneath the' beam,having its rear end secured to the stock B and its front end to the beamA by meansof the standard F, which passes through said beam and issecured by a wedge. The center bar and standard F are cast in one piece,as represented in Fig. 8. The share is made convex on its upper andconcave on its under side. A seat, H, is cast upon the front end of thecenter bar, whose upper surface is the counterpart ofthe Linder side ofthe share, upon which the latter is fitted and. secured by bolts apassing through vthe share and seat, having their heads countersunk inthe share, and confined by nuts screwed on their lower ends against thebottom of the seat. The seat is nearly equal in width to the be removedto take oftl the share Ywhen worn,

away, or when for any other cause -it would be necessary to remove itfrom its seat. AAs simple as this arched support lappears to be, it n'nevertheless serves a usefulvpurpose in bracing the share upon itsconvex seat.A

On each side of the center bar, and at different heights from its base,are cast boxes V0r projections c with dovetail grooves b therein, havinga suitable rearward declination. These grooves are exactly on oppositesides of lthe bar, one pair ot' which being atthe base of the standard Fabove the share, and the others occupying positions in rear of and belowthe top of the share. J

The wings G G (shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 6) are of the form used forbreaking up the soil and gathering it round the plants. Each one isprovided with a heel or tongue, i, on the rear side of its inner end,ot' a shape and size corresponding to the dovetail grooves b. lnto thesegrooves the heels of the wings are tted and held securely in place bythe pressure of the soil against them, and the downward slope ofthegrooves, thereby dispensing with the use ot' screw-bolts or otherfa-stenings to keep them in place. This is a very important advantage,because as the wings have to be frequently changed from a high to alower elevation, or to increase or diminish their number, it would bevery inconvenient to have to unscrew bolts or remove other fastenings inmaking these changes. The angle ot' that side ofthe wings heel adjacentto the center bar is such as to cause the wing to extend from said barobliquely rearward, so as to facilitate the forcing ot' the soil outwardtoward the plants as the wing advances. These wings are slightly curvedon their lower edges, rounded upward at their outer ends, and so curvedon their operating-faces that while the heel of the wing stands nearlyvertical its outer end will be so curved asl-to `approximate to ahorizontal position, so as to allow the soil to passover it at the sametime it is being forced toward the plants. The wings may be ofdifferentlengths to suit dierent widths between the rows of plants, andby the method of securing them it is obvious that they can be used onone or both sides of the cultivator; or they'lnay be removed entirelywhen not required for use by simply withdrawing them from their dovetailsockets.

- To suit the cultivator to the condition of the crop it is onlynecessary to change the positionv of the Wings and the'number used. For'instance, if the crop is young and requiresA little soil, so-as not tocover it up, l use the two wings only whichl occupy the highestpositions, so asto take hold of the upper part of the soil raised by theshare and force it toward the plants; but as the crop grows itrequiresrnore soil to be thrown round its roots, and this isV done byusing another set or sets ofwings in connection with thetirst, butoccupying; lower positions, so as to'take a deeper hold upon thesoil,and thus force a larger` quantity towardthe plants, while at the sametime they'loosen and break up the soil between thej rows of plants. Thismethod of increasing or diminishing the quantity thrown towardltheplants, it will be seen, is not liable to cut the roots of theVplants, as is thecase in all other cultivatorswhich accomplish this byadjusting wings horizontally nearer to or fart-her from the plant,according to its growth..

' J, Figs. 4, 5,'and 7, represents the form of wings-which I employ toturn the soil over so as to expose-the roots of the weeds preparatory togathering the soil round theV plants. They are provided with. heels ortongues j, the counterpart of the dovetail grooves, into which the saidheels are secured in the same manner as the wings shown in Fig. 6. Thesewings J are so curved and twisted that, while their heels will standnearly vertical whensecured in place, their outer ends will turn under,so that, instead of allowing the soil to pass over them or forcing ittoward the plants, they will turn the sod and weeds over, and thus leavethe roots of the weeds exposed to the sun, which soon kills them, bywhich the growth of the crop is not only facilitated, but the trouble ofkeeping the crop properly cultivated greatly lessened. Y

In the drawings I have represented four wings, two-on each side; but Ihaveused six, three ou each side, disposed at difterentheights,

and found themv to answer the purpose well.` It will be understood,however, that the num-f ber of wings used will alwaysbegovernedr'according to the -growth and condition ofl theA crop.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

The arrangement of the beam A, stock B, center bar, B, standard F,wingsG Grf and J, share D, and seat H, for joint operationas set forthand described, for the purposes speciq

